4D-Flow MRI Characterization of Pulmonary Flow in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have multiple surgical sequelae altering the pulmonary flow hemodynamics. Repaired TOF (rTOF) adults frequently develop regurgitation impacting blood pressure, right ventricle load, and We aimed to evaluate hemodynamics using 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for characterizing altered flow, viscous energy loss (EL), wall shear stress (WSS), pressure drop (PD), ventricular analysis (VFA) in rTOF patients. hypothesized that based parameters can identify alterations. A total 17 patients (age: 29 ± 10 years, 35% women) 20 controls 36 12 25% were scanned a dedicated cardiac MRI protocol. Peak velocity regurgitant fraction significantly higher (p < 0.001). WSS was consistently elevated along PA ≤ 0.05). The average circumferential than axial at main artery PD EL as compared For VFA, delayed ejection increased retained inflow decreased To conclude, this study demonstrated exhibit peak velocity, valvular regurgitation, WSS, EL, PD, VFA.